X () X, the twenty-fourth letter
of the English alphabet, has three sounds; a compound nonvocal sound (that of ks),
as in wax; a compound vocal sound (that of gz), as in example; and, at the
beginning of a word, a simple vocal sound (that of z), as in xanthic. See Guide
to Pronunciation, // 217, 270, 271.
Xanthamide (n.) An amido
derivative of xanthic acid obtained as a white crystalline substance,
C2H5O.CS.NH2; -- called also xanthogen amide.
Xanthate (n.) A salt of
xanthic; a xanthogenate.
Xanthelasma (n.) See
Xanthoma.
Xanthian (a.) Of or
pertaining to Xanthus, an ancient town on Asia Minor; -- applied especially to
certain marbles found near that place, and now in the British Museum.
Xanthic (a.) Tending
toward a yellow color, or to one of those colors, green being excepted, in which
yellow is a constituent, as scarlet, orange, etc.
Xanthic (a.) Possessing,
imparting, or producing a yellow color; as, xanthic acid.
Xanthic (a.) Of or
pertaining to xanthic acid, or its compounds; xanthogenic.
Xanthic (a.) Of or
pertaining to xanthin.
Xanthide (n.) A compound
or derivative of xanthogen.
Xanthidia (pl. ) of
Xanthidium
Xanthidium (n.) A genus of
minute unicellular algae of the desmids. These algae have a rounded shape and
are armed with glochidiate or branched aculei. Several species occur in ditches,
and others are found fossil in flint or hornstone.
Xanthin (n.) A crystalline
nitrogenous body closely related to both uric acid and hypoxanthin, present in
muscle tissue, and occasionally found in the urine and in some urinary calculi.
It is also present in guano. So called from the yellow color of certain of its
salts (nitrates).
Xanthin (n.) A yellow
insoluble coloring matter extracted from yellow flowers; specifically, the
coloring matter of madder.
Xanthin (n.) One of the
gaseous or volatile decomposition products of the xanthates, and probably
identical with carbon disulphide.
Xanthinine (n.) A complex
nitrogenous substance related to urea and uric acid, produced as a white powder;
-- so called because it forms yellow salts, and because its solution forms a
blue fluorescence like quinine.
Xanthium (n.) A genus of
composite plants in which the scales of the involucre are united so as to form a
kind of bur; cocklebur; clotbur.
Xantho- () A combining form from
Gr. xanqo`s yellow; as in xanthocobaltic salts. Used also adjectively in
chemistry.
Xanthocarpous (a.) Having
yellow fruit.
Xanthochroi (n. pl.) A
division of the Caucasian races, comprising the lighter-colored members.
Xanthochroic (a.) Having a
yellowish or fair complexion; of or pertaining to the Xanthochroi.
Xanthodontous (a.) Having
yellow teeth.
Xanthogen (n.) The
hypothetical radical supposed to be characteristic of xanthic acid.
Xanthogen (n.)
Persulphocyanogen.
Xanthogenate (n.) A salt
of xanthic acid.
Xanthogenic (a.) Producing
a yellow color or compound; xanthic. See Xanthic acid, under Xanthic.
Xanthoma (n.) A skin
disease marked by the development or irregular yellowish patches upon the skin,
especially upon the eyelids; -- called also xanthelasma.
Xanthophane (n.) The
yellow pigment present in the inner segments of the retina in animals. See
Chromophane.
Xanthophyll (n.) A yellow
coloring matter found in yellow autumn leaves, and also produced artificially
from chlorophyll; -- formerly called also phylloxanthin.
Xanthopous (a.) Having a
yellow stipe, or stem.
Xanthoproteic (a.)
Pertaining to, or derived from, xanthoprotein; showing the characters of
xanthoprotein; as, xanthoproteic acid; the xanthoproteic reaction for albumin.
Xanthoprotein (n.) A
yellow acid substance formed by the action of hot nitric acid on albuminous or
proteid matter. It is changed to a deep orange-yellow color by the addition of
ammonia.
Xanthopuccine (n.) One of
three alkaloids found in the root of the yellow puccoon (Hydrastis Canadensis).
It is a yellow crystalline substance, and resembles berberine.
Xanthorhamnin (n.) A
glucoside extracted from Persian berries as a yellow crystalline powder, used as
a dyestuff.
Xanthorhiza (n.) A genus
of shrubby ranunculaceous plants of North America, including only the species
Xanthorhiza apiifolia, which has roots of a deep yellow color; yellowroot. The
bark is intensely bitter, and is sometimes used as a tonic.
Xanthorhoea (n.) A genus
of endogenous plants, native to Australia, having a thick, sometimes arborescent,
stem, and long grasslike leaves. See Grass tree.
Xanthose (n.) An
orange-yellow substance found in pigment spots of certain crabs.
Xanthosis (n.) The yellow
discoloration often observed in cancerous tumors.
Xanthospermous (a.) Having
yellow seeds.
Xanthous (a.) Yellow;
specifically (Ethnol.), of or pertaining to those races of man which have
yellowish, red, auburn, or brown hair.
Xanthoxylene (n.) A liquid
hydrocarbon of the terpene series extracted from the seeds of a Japanese prickly
ash (Xanthoxylum pipertium) as an aromatic oil.
Xanthoxylum (n.) A genus
of prickly shrubs or small trees, the bark and rots of which are of a deep
yellow color; prickly ash.
Xebec (n.) A small three-masted
vessel, with projecting bow stern and convex decks, used in the Mediterranean
for transporting merchandise, etc. It carries large square sails, or both.
Xebecs were formerly armed and used by corsairs.
Xeme (n.) An Arctic
fork-tailed gull (Xema Sabinii).
Xenelasia (n.) A Spartan
institution which prohibited strangers from residing in Sparta without
permission, its object probably being to preserve the national simplicity of
manners.
Xenia (pl. ) of Xenium
Xenium (n.) A present
given to a guest or stranger, or to a foreign ambassador.
Xenodochium (n.) A house
for the reception of strangers.
Xenodochium (n.) In the
Middle Ages, a room in a monastery for the reception and entertainment of
strangers and pilgrims, and for the relief of paupers. [Called also Xenodocheion.]
Xenodochy (n.) Reception
of strangers; hospitality.
Xenogamy (n.) Cross
fertilization.
Xenogenesis (n.) Same as
Heterogenesis.
Xenogenesis (n.) The
fancied production of an organism of one kind by an organism of another.
Xenogenetic (a.) Of or
pertaining to xenogenesis; as, the xenogenetic origin of microzymes.
Xenomania (n.) A mania
for, or an inordinate attachment to, foreign customs, institutions, manners,
fashions, etc.
Xenomi (n. pl.) A suborder
of soft-rayed fresh-water fishes of which the blackfish of Alaska (Dallia
pectoralis) is the type.
Xenopterygii (n. pl.) A
suborder of fishes including Gobiesox and allied genera. These fishes have
soft-rayed fins, and a ventral sucker supported in front by the pectoral fins.
They are destitute of scales.
Xenotime (n.) A native
phosphate of yttrium occurring in yellowish-brown tetragonal crystals.
Xenurine (n.) A cabassou.
Xenyl (n.) The radical
characteristic of xenylic compounds.
Xenylic (a.) Pertaining
to, derived from, designating, certain amido compounds obtained by reducing
certain nitro derivatives of diphenyl.
Xeraphim (n.) An old money
of account in Bombay, equal to three fifths of a rupee.
Xeres (n.) Sherry. See
Sherry.
Xerif (n.) A shereef.
Xeriff (n.) A gold coin
formerly current in Egypt and Turkey, of the value of about 9s. 6d., or about
$2.30; -- also, in Morocco, a ducat.
Xeroderma (n.) Ichthyosis.
Xeroderma (n.) A skin
disease characterized by the presence of numerous small pigmented spots
resembling freckles, with which are subsequently mingled spots of atrophied
skin.
Xeronate (n.) A salt of
xeronic acid.
Xeronic (a.) Pertaining
to, or designating, an acid, C8H12O4, related to fumaric acid, and obtained from
citraconic acid as an oily substance having a bittersweet taste; -- so called
from its tendency to form its anhydride.
Xerophagy (n.) Among the
primitive Christians, the living on a diet of dry food in Lent and on other
fasts.
Xerophilous (a.)
Drought-loving; able withstand the absence or lack of moisture.
Xerophthalmia (n.) An
abnormal dryness of the eyeball produced usually by long-continued inflammation
and subsequent atrophy of the conjunctiva.
Xerophthalmy (n.)
Xerophthalmia.
Xiphias (n.) A genus of
fishes comprising the common swordfish.
Xiphias (n.) The
constellation Dorado.
Xiphias (n.) A comet
shaped like a sword
Xiphidium (n.) A genus of
plants of the order Haemodraceae, having two-ranked, sword-shaped leaves.
Xiphioid (a.) Of,
pertaining to, or resembling, a cetacean of the genus Xiphius or family
Xiphiidae.
Xiphiplastra (pl. ) of
Xiphiplastron
Xiphiplastron (n.) The
posterior, or fourth, lateral plate in the plastron of turtles; -- called also
xiphisternum.
Xiphisterna (pl. ) of
Xiphisternum
Xiphisternum (n.) The
posterior segment, or extremity, of the sternum; -- sometimes called metasternum,
ensiform cartilage, ensiform process, or xiphoid process.
Xiphisternum (n.) The
xiphiplastron.
Xiphius (n.) A genus of
cetaceans having a long, pointed, bony beak, usually two tusklike teeth in the
lower jaw, but no teeth in the upper jaw.
Xiphodon (n.) An extinct
genus of artiodactylous mammals found in the European Tertiary formations. It
had slender legs, didactylous feet, and small canine teeth.
Xiphoid (a.) Like a sword;
ensiform.
Xiphoid (a.) Of or
pertaining to the xiphoid process; xiphoidian.
Xiphoidian (a.) Xiphoid.
Xiphophyllous (a.) Having
sword-shaped leaves.
Xiphosura (n. pl.) See
Xiphura.
Xiphura (n. pl.) Same as
Limuloidea. Called also Xiphosura.
Xylamide (n.) An acid
amide derivative of xylic acid, obtained as a white crystalline substance.
Xylanthrax (n.) Wood coal,
or charcoal; -- so called in distinction from mineral coal.
Xylate (n.) A salt of
xylic acid.
Xylem (n.) That portion of
a fibrovascular bundle which has developed, or will develop, into wood cells; --
distinguished from phloem.
Xylene (n.) Any of a group
of three metameric hydrocarbons of the aromatic series, found in coal and wood
tar, and so named because found in crude wood spirit. They are colorless, oily,
inflammable liquids, C6H4.(CH3)2, being dimethyl benzenes, and are called
respectively orthoxylene, metaxylene, and paraxylene. Called also xylol.
Xylenol (n.) Any one of
six metameric phenol derivatives of xylene, obtained as crystalline substances,
(CH3)2.C6H3.OH.
Xyletic (a.) Pertaining
to, or designating, a complex acid related to mesitylenic acid, obtained as a
white crystalline substance by the action of sodium and carbon dioxide on crude
xylenol.
Xylic (a.) Pertaining to,
derived from, or related to, xylene; specifically, designating any one of
several metameric acids produced by the partial oxidation of mesitylene and
pseudo-cumene.
Xylidic (a.) Pertaining
to, or designating, either one of two distinct acids which are derived from
xylic acid and related compounds, and are metameric with uvitic acid.
Xylidine (n.) Any one of
six metameric hydrocarbons, (CH3)2.C6H3.NH2, resembling aniline, and related to
xylene. They are liquids, or easily fusible crystalline substances, of which
three are derived from metaxylene, two from orthoxylene, and one from paraxylene.
They are called the amido xylenes.
Xylindein (n.) A green or
blue pigment produced by Peziza in certain kinds of decayed wood, as the beech,
oak, birch, etc., and extracted as an amorphous powder resembling indigo.
Xylite (n.) A liquid
hydrocarbon found in crude wood spirits.
Xylitone (n.) A yellow oil
having a geraniumlike odor, produced as a side product in making phorone; --
called also xylite oil.
Xylo- () A combining form from
Gr. xy`lon wood; as in xylogen, xylograph.
Xylobalsamum (n.) The
dried twigs of a Syrian tree (Balsamodendron Gileadense).
Xylocarpous (a.) Bearing
fruit which becomes hard or woody.
Xylocopa (n.) A genus of
hymenopterous insects including the carpenter. See Carpenter bee, under
Carpenter.
Xylogen (n.) Nascent wood;
wood cells in a forming state.
Xylogen (n.) Lignin.
Xylograph (n.) An
engraving on wood, or the impression from such an engraving; a print by
xylography.
Xylographer (n.) One who
practices xylography.
Xylographic (a.) Alt. of
Xylographical
Xylographical (a.) Of or
pertaining to xylography, or wood engraving.
Xylography (n.) The art of
engraving on wood.
Xylography (n.) The art of
making prints from the natural grain of wood.
Xylography (n.) A method
pf printing in colors upon wood for purposes of house decoration.
Xyloid (a.) Resembling
wood; having the nature of wood.
Xyloidin (n.) A substance
resembling pyroxylin, obtained by the action of nitric acid on starch; -- called
also nitramidin.
Xylol (n.) Same as Xylene.
Xylonite (n.) See Zylonite.
Xylophaga (n.) A genus of
marine bivalves which bore holes in wood. They are allied to Pholas.
Xylophagan (n.) One of a
tribe of beetles whose larvae bore or live in wood.
Xylophagan (n.) Any
species of Xylophaga.
Xylophagan (n.) Any one of
the Xylophagides.
Xylophagides (n. pl.) A
tribe or family of dipterous flies whose larvae live in decayed wood. Some of
the tropical species are very large.
Xylophagous (a.) Eating,
boring in, or destroying, wood; -- said especially of certain insect larvae,
crustaceans, and mollusks.
Xylophagous (a.) Of or
pertaining to the genus Xylophaga.
Xylophilan (n.) One of a
tribe of beetles (Xylophili) whose larvae live on decayed wood.
Xylophilous (a.) Of or
pertaining to the xylophilans.
Xylophone (n.) An
instrument common among the Russians, Poles, and Tartars, consisting of a series
of strips of wood or glass graduated in length to the musical scale, resting on
belts of straw, and struck with two small hammers. Called in Germany strohfiedel,
or straw fiddle.
Xylophone (n.) An
instrument to determine the vibrative properties of different kinds of wood.
Xyloplastic (a.) Formed of
wood pulp by molds; relating to casts made of wood pulp in molds.
Xylopyrography (n.) The
art or practice of burning pictures on wood with a hot iron; -- called also
poker painting. See Poker picture, under Poker.
Xyloquinone (n.) Any one
of a group of quinone compounds obtained respectively by the oxidation of
certain xylidine compounds. In general they are yellow crystalline substances.
Xylorcin (n.) A derivative
of xylene obtained as a white crystalline substance which on exposure in the air
becomes red; -- called also betaorcin.
Xylostein (n.) A glucoside
found in the poisonous berries of a species of honeysuckle (Lonicera xylosteum),
and extracted as a bitter, white, crystalline substance.
Xylotile (n.) Same as
Parkesine.
Xylotrya (n.) A genus of
marine bivalves closely allied to Teredo, and equally destructive to timber. One
species (Xylotrya fimbriata) is very common on the Atlantic coast of the United
States.
Xylyl (n.) Any one of
three metameric radicals which are characteristic respectively of the three
xylenes.
Xylylene (n.) Any one of
three metameric radicals, CH2.C6H4.CH2, derived respectively from the three
xylenes. Often used adjectively; as, xylylene alcohol.
Xyridaceous (a.) Of or
pertaining to a natural order (Xyrideae) of endogenous plants, of which Xyris is
the type.
Xyris (n.) A genus of
endogenous herbs with grassy leaves and small yellow flowers in short, scaly-bracted
spikes; yellow-eyed grass. There are about seventeen species in the Atlantic
United States.
Xyst (n.) Alt. of Xystus
Xystus (n.) A long and
open portico, for athletic exercises, as wrestling, running, etc., for use in
winter or in stormy weather.
Xystarch (n.) An office/
having the superintendence of the xyst.
Xyster (n.) An instrument
for scraping bones.
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